Costa Rica’s Bold Step: First Whistleblower Law to Shield the Voices of Integrity

A Historic Leap in Legal Protection

On a notable day, December 13, 2023, Costa Rica took a giant stride in fortifying its legal framework by passing Bill No. 23,449, a landmark legislation known as the “Whistleblower Protection Law.” This momentous law, awaiting the President’s signature and publication in La Gaceta, will mark the dawn of a new era in Costa Rica – one that robustly defends individuals who dare to shine a light on corruption.

OECD’s Nudge and Costa Rica’s Response

The introduction of this law isn’t just a local affair. It’s part of Costa Rica’s broader ambition to join the prestigious ranks of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). A 2020 report from the OECD’s Working Group on Bribery highlighted a gaping hole in the nation’s legal armor: the absence of substantial whistleblower protections. This law is Costa Rica’s answer to that call.

Casting a Wide Net

The law isn’t just a token gesture; it’s comprehensive in its reach. It covers not only public officials but also extends its protective shield to those in the private sector performing “public functions.” From accepting bribes to covering up illicit gains, the law labels these acts as corruption, ensuring no stone is left unturned.

The Shield of the Whistleblower

The core of the law lies in its protection for the whistleblowers and witnesses. Whether you’re the one blowing the whistle or the witness in the shadows, the law’s got your back. It shields you from the gamut of retaliatory actions – from being unjustly fired to harassment. And if you’re a whistleblower, you’re virtually untouchable in terms of job security, unless there’s a just cause for termination.

Nullifying the Gag

Employers, take note: any attempt to muzzle a potential whistleblower is not just frowned upon; it’s outright illegal. Any clauses or agreements trying to silence complaints or threaten job security are null and void. The message is clear: the truth shall not be gagged.

A Helping Hand for the Brave

The law doesn’t just stop at protection; it extends a helping hand. Whistleblowers and witnesses get access to free public defense attorneys and a fast-track judicial process if they face illegal termination.

The Private Sector’s New Duty

The law casts a wide net, and the private sector isn’t exempt. Companies with 50 or more employees must establish an internal channel to handle complaints confidentially. It’s a clear directive: create a safe space for truth to surface.

Penalties That Bite

For those who think they can retaliate against whistleblowers with impunity, think again. The law bites back with heavy fines for private employers who dare to cross the line. Public officials aren’t spared either, facing specific measures and procedures for punishment.

A Beacon of Hope

Costa Rica’s Whistleblower Protection Law is more than just another piece of legislation. It’s a beacon of hope and a testament to the country’s commitment to integrity, transparency, and justice. By safeguarding those who dare to expose corruption, Costa Rica is not just protecting individuals; it’s fortifying the very foundations of its democracy.