Costa Rica, a country known for its lush rainforests and natural beauty, is not immune to the global challenges of climate change, particularly when it comes to water shortages. To tackle the growing threat of drought and ensure a reliable water supply, the state water utility, AyA (Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados), has announced plans to build artificial lakes. This project aims to safeguard the water supply for the Greater San José area, one of the most densely populated regions in the country.
Artificial Lakes: A Proven Solution to a Growing Problem
AyA’s deputy manager for Greater San José, Alejandro Calderón, revealed the bold plan, which will involve creating reservoirs in the northeastern sector of the city. According to Calderón, this approach mirrors successful projects implemented in other parts of the world. “Big cities worldwide are supplied by reservoirs, not directly from rivers. Water is drawn from those rivers and wells and conducted to big lakes to ease droughts,” Calderón told the news outlet Teletica.
The logic behind this project is straightforward: having a large water reserve allows the city to store water during the rainy season and tap into it during drier periods. By securing four or five months’ worth of water supply in these reservoirs, Costa Rica will have a buffer to prevent water shortages when demand spikes or rainfall decreases.
The Growing Need for Water Security
Why the sudden urgency? Costa Rica, like much of the world, is facing the growing impacts of climate change. Extended droughts, unpredictable weather patterns, and increased demand for water in urban areas are making it harder to rely on traditional sources like rivers and groundwater. While Costa Rica is known for its abundant natural resources, recent trends show that even this Central American paradise is not immune to water shortages.
San José and its surrounding metropolitan area account for nearly half of the country’s population, making water security a pressing concern. During peak dry seasons, the city has experienced shortages that disrupt daily life for both residents and businesses. AyA’s move to construct artificial lakes is seen as a long-term investment in the region’s sustainability, providing a safeguard against future droughts.
Not a Quick Fix, But a Necessary Step
Calderón was quick to point out that this is not a short-term solution. The construction of artificial lakes is a complex, multi-year project that requires careful planning and coordination with multiple government agencies. However, he stressed the importance of starting now to ensure Costa Rica’s future water security. “These are not short-term projects, but the country needs to begin moving in that direction,” he said.
In the meantime, AyA continues to prioritize other methods of ensuring a stable water supply. One of the most effective strategies currently in place is basin protection. This involves preserving the natural water catchment areas that supply rivers and wells. AyA collaborates with other government entities, such as the Ministry of Environment and Energy (MINAE) and the Subterranean Water and Irrigation Service (SENARA), to protect these critical ecosystems from deforestation, pollution, and overuse.
Climate Change and Its Impact on Costa Rica
Like many countries, Costa Rica is feeling the effects of climate change. Although the nation is often praised for its environmental policies, including a commitment to renewable energy, it faces significant challenges in managing its water resources. Rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns are leading to prolonged droughts, particularly in the northern and central regions of the country.
In the past, Costa Rica has relied heavily on its rivers and underground aquifers for fresh water. However, over-extraction and pollution have made these sources less reliable. As a result, it’s becoming increasingly clear that new strategies are needed to maintain a stable supply of water, especially in urban areas like San José.
The artificial lakes AyA plans to build are part of a broader shift toward proactive water management. By storing excess water during the rainy season, these reservoirs will act as a buffer, allowing the city to manage demand during droughts and reduce dependence on increasingly unpredictable natural sources.
A Collaborative Effort for Water Conservation
The construction of these reservoirs will not happen in isolation. As Calderón pointed out, AyA is working closely with other entities to address the country’s water management challenges. Protecting watersheds is an essential part of this strategy. Without healthy forests and wetlands to absorb and filter rainwater, even the most advanced reservoir system would struggle to meet the city’s needs.
Organizations like MINAE and SENARA play a crucial role in maintaining the country’s natural infrastructure. Together with AyA, they are focusing on conserving and restoring ecosystems that play a key role in water regulation. For instance, reforesting degraded areas can help increase rainfall absorption, reduce runoff, and prevent the pollution of rivers and aquifers.
These conservation efforts not only benefit Costa Rica’s water supply but also support its thriving ecotourism industry, which relies on the country’s well-preserved natural beauty. Ensuring that the forests, rivers, and wildlife that attract millions of tourists each year are protected is essential to maintaining the country’s economic and environmental health.
Looking to the Future: Innovation and Sustainability
Building artificial lakes to ease droughts is not just a reaction to current problems; it’s a forward-thinking approach to water management that reflects the realities of a changing climate. As more countries around the world grapple with water shortages, Costa Rica is positioning itself as a leader in sustainable water management.
However, the success of this initiative will depend on more than just the construction of reservoirs. Public awareness and cooperation will be crucial. Residents and businesses will need to adopt more sustainable water use practices, from reducing consumption to supporting policies that protect watersheds and promote conservation.
The reservoirs also signal a new era of innovation in Costa Rica’s approach to natural resource management. By integrating modern technology with traditional conservation efforts, the country can continue to serve as a global model for environmental stewardship.
Conclusion: A Necessary Investment for Costa Rica’s Future
AyA’s plan to build artificial lakes is a bold but necessary response to the growing challenges of water management in Costa Rica. As climate change continues to reshape the environment, ensuring a stable water supply for future generations requires both innovative solutions and a commitment to preserving natural resources. By taking this step, Costa Rica is not just addressing its immediate water needs—it’s laying the groundwork for a more sustainable, resilient future.
